N'ime akwụkwọ a, a na-amụ ụdị ọdịda na usoro ọdịda nke ngwa elektrọnik na ebe obibi ha nwere mmetụta dị nro iji nye ụfọdụ ntụaka maka imepụta ngwaahịa eletrọnịkị.
1. Ụdị akụrụngwa ọdịda a na-ahụkarị
Nọmba usoro n'usoro
Aha akụrụngwa eletrọnịkị
Ụdị ọdịda metụtara gburugburu
Nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi
1. Electromechanical components
Vibration na-ebute mgbaji ike ike nke eriri igwe na ịtọpụ eriri.
Mmaji, ujo
2. Semiconductor ngwa ndakwa nri ngwaọrụ
Okpomọkụ dị elu na ujo okpomọkụ na-eduga na delamination na interface dị n'etiti ihe ngwugwu na mgbawa, yana n'etiti ihe ngwugwu na ihe njide mgbawa nke monolith microwave mechiri emechi.
Okpomọkụ dị elu, ujo okpomọkụ
3. Ngwakọ jikọtara sekit
Ujo na-eduga ná mgbawa mkpụrụ seramiiki, ujo okpomoku na-eduga na mgbawa capacitor end electrode, ịgba ígwè okpomọkụ na-eduga na ọdịda nke ire ere.
Ujo, okirikiri okpomọkụ
4. Ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche na sekit jikọtara ọnụ
ndakpọ okpomọkụ, mgbawa soldering ọdịda, ndu bonding ọdịda, ujo na-eduga passivation oyi akwa mgbawa.
Okpomọkụ dị elu, ujo, ịma jijiji
5. Ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ
Mgbawa mkpụrụ nke isi, mgbawa ihe nkiri na-eguzogide, mgbaji ụzọ
Ujo, elu na obere okpomọkụ
6. sekit larịị Board
Ngwunye ihe na-ere ihe gbawara agbawa, oghere ọla kọpa gbajiri agbaji.
Okpomọkụ dị elu
7. Igwe ọkụ eletrik
Ike ọgwụgwụ nke waya ọkụ.
Mmaji
2, ahụkarị akụrụngwa ọdịda usoro nyocha
Ụdị ọdịda nke ngwa eletrọnịkị abụghị otu, naanị onye nnọchite anya akụkụ nke ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nnabata oke nyocha, iji nweta nkwubi okwu n'ozuzu.
2.1 Ngwa elektrọnik
Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị electromechanical gụnyere njikọ eletriki, relays, wdg. A na-enyocha ụdị ọdịda ọdịda n'ime omimi na nhazi nke ụdị ihe abụọ ahụ n'otu n'otu.
1) Njikọ eletrik
Eletriki njikọ site shei, insulator na kọntaktị ahu nke atọ isi nkeji, ọdịda mode na-achịkọta na kọntaktị ọdịda, mkpuchi ọdịda na n'ibu ọdịda nke atọ ụdị ọdịda.Ụdị isi nke ọdịda nke njikọ eletrik maka ọdịda kọntaktị, ọdịda nke arụmọrụ ya: kọntaktị na nkwụsịtụ ozugbo na nguzogide kọntaktị na-abawanye.Maka njikọ eletriki, n'ihi ịdị adị nke nguzogide kọntaktị na ihe na-eduzi ihe, mgbe enwere ugbu a site na njikọ eletriki eletrik, nkwụchi kọntaktị na ihe ndị na-eduzi ihe igwe ga-emepụta okpomọkụ Joule, okpomọkụ Joule ga-eme ka okpomọkụ dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka mmụba dị na ya. okpomọkụ nke ebe kọntaktị, oke okpomọkụ dị elu ga-eme ka ihu kọntaktị nke metal dị nro, na-agbaze ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-esi ísì, ma na-eme ka kọntaktị kọntaktị dịkwuo elu, si otú ahụ na-ebute ọdịda kọntaktị..Na ọrụ nke ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu, akụkụ kọntaktị ga-apụtakwa ihe na-akpụ akpụ, na-eme ka nrụgide kọntaktị dị n'etiti akụkụ kọntaktị na-ebelata.Mgbe nrụgide kọntaktị na-ebelata ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, nkwụsị nke kọntaktị ga-abawanye nke ọma, ma mesịa mee ka kọntaktị eletrik adịghị mma, na-akpata nkwụsị kọntaktị.
N'aka nke ọzọ, njikọ eletrik na nchekwa, njem na ọrụ, ga-adị n'okpuru ụdị dị iche iche nke vibration na mmetụta mmetụta, mgbe mpụta mpụta na-ebu ibu excitation ugboro na eletriki njikọ nso na-eme ihe ugboro ugboro, ga-eme ka eletriki njikọ resonance. onu, n'ihi na ọdịiche dị n'etiti kọntaktị ibe ibu ibu, ọdịiche na-abawanye ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, kọntaktị nrụgide ga-apụ n'anya ozugbo, na-akpata na kọntaktị eletriki "ngwa ngwa ezumike".Na ịma jijiji, ibu ujo, onye na-ahụ maka ọkụ eletrik ga-eme ka nrụgide dị n'ime ya pụta, mgbe nrụgide karịrị ike mkpụrụ nke ihe ahụ, ga-eme ka ihe ahụ mebie na mgbaji;na ọrụ nke nrụgide ogologo oge a, ihe ahụ ga-emekwa mmebi ike ọgwụgwụ, na n'ikpeazụ kpatara ọdịda.
2) Ntugharị
Igwe ọkụ eletrik na-abụkarị nke cores, coils, armatures, kọntaktị, ahịhịa na ihe ndị ọzọ.Ọ bụrụhaala na agbakwunyere ụfọdụ voltaji na nsọtụ abụọ nke eriri mmiri ahụ, ụfọdụ ugbu a ga-asọba na eriri igwe, si otú a na-emepụta mmetụta electromagnetic, armature ga-emeri ike electromagnetic nke mmasị ịlaghachi na mmiri na-adọta na isi, nke. N'aka nke ya na-eme ka kọntaktsị na-akpụ akpụ armature na kọntaktsị kwụ ọtọ (na-emepe emepe kọntaktị) mechie.Mgbe agbanyụrụ eriri igwe ahụ, ike mmịpụta electromagnetic na-apụkwa n'anya, armature ga-alaghachi n'ọnọdụ mbụ n'okpuru ike mmeghachi omume nke mmiri, nke mere na kọntaktị na-akpụ akpụ na kọntaktị static mbụ (na-emechi kọntaktị na-emekarị).Nke a suction na ntọhapụ, si otú ọbọ nzube nke conduction na ebipụ na sekit.
The isi ụdịdị nke mkpokọta ọdịda nke electromagnetic relays bụ: ọsọ agba anọ na-emekarị oghe, ọsọ agba anọ na-emechi emechi, ọsọ agba anọ dynamic spring edinam adịghị ezute ihe a chọrọ, kọntaktị mmechi mgbe ọsọ agba anọ eletrọnịkị parameters gafere ndị ogbenye.N'ihi ụkọ nke electromagnetic ọsọ agba anọ mmepụta usoro, ọtụtụ electromagnetic ọsọ agba anọ ọdịda na mmepụta usoro dina àgwà nke zoro ezo ihe ize ndụ, dị ka n'ibu nchegbu enyemaka oge dị mkpụmkpụ nke na-akpata n'ibu Ọdịdị mgbe ịkpụzi akụkụ deformation, fọdụrụnụ mwepụ na-adịghị ike ọgwụgwụ. N'ihi na ule PIND dara ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọdịda, nyocha ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ojiji nke nyocha adịghị esiri ike nke mere na ọdịda nke ngwaọrụ a na-eji, wdg. Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịkpata nrụrụ plastik nke kọntaktị metal, na-ebute ọdịda relay.N'ime nhazi nke akụrụngwa nwere relays, ọ dị mkpa ilekwasị anya na mmetụta mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi iji tụlee.
2.2 Semiconductor ngwa ndakwa nri
Ngwa microwave semiconductor bụ ihe eji eme Ge, Si na III ~ V ihe semiconductor ihe na-arụ ọrụ na band microwave.A na-eji ha na ngwa eletrọnịkị dị ka radar, usoro agha eletrọnịkị na sistemu nkwukọrịta microwave.Nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị iche iche nke Microwave na mgbakwunye na ịnye njikọ eletriki na nchekwa igwe na kemịkalụ maka isi na atụdo, imewe na nhọrọ nke ụlọ kwesịrị ịtụle mmetụta nke parasitic parasitic ụlọ na njirimara nnyefe ngwa ndakwa nri nke ngwaọrụ ahụ.Ụlọ microwave bụkwa akụkụ nke sekit, nke n'onwe ya na-eme ka ntinye na mmepụta ihe zuru ezu.Ya mere, ọdịdị na nhazi nke ụlọ, nha, ihe dielectric, nhazi nhazi, wdg kwesịrị dakọtara na njirimara microwave nke akụkụ na akụkụ ngwa sekit.Ihe ndị a na-ekpebi parampat dị ka capacitance, nguzogide ụzọ eletriki, mgbochi njirimara, na onye nduzi na ọnwụ dielectric nke ụlọ tube.
Ụdị ọdịda dị mkpa na gburugburu ebe obibi na usoro nke ihe mejupụtara microwave semiconductor bụ nke gụnyere sink ọnụ ụzọ ámá metal na mmebi nke ihe mgbochi.Ọnụ ụzọ ámá metal sink bụ n'ihi na thermally accelerated mgbasa nke metal ọnụ ụzọ ámá (Au) n'ime GaAs, otú a ọdịda usoro a na-emekarị n'oge accelerated ndụ ule ma ọ bụ oké okpomọkụ ọrụ.Ọnụego mgbasa metal ọnụ ụzọ ámá (Au) n'ime GaAs bụ ọrụ nke nhazi mgbasa ozi nke ihe igwe ọnụ ụzọ ámá, okpomọkụ na gradient ihe onwunwe.N'ihi na a zuru okè lattice Ọdịdị, ngwaọrụ adịghị emetụta a nnọọ ngwa ngwa mgbasa ọnụego na nkịtị arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ, Otú ọ dị, mgbasa ọnụego nwere ike dị ịrịba ama mgbe urughuru ókè bụ nnukwu ma ọ bụ na e nwere ọtụtụ n'elu ntụpọ.A na-ejikarị ndị na-emegide ya eme ihe na sekit agbakwunyere microwave monolithic maka sekit nzaghachi, na-esetịpụ isi ihe na-adịghị mma nke ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, ikewapụ, njikọ ike ma ọ bụ njedebe nke njikọta, enwere usoro abụọ nke nguzogide: mgbochi ihe nkiri metal (TaN, NiCr) na obere GaAs doped. mkpa oyi akwa iguzogide.Nnwale na-egosi na nbibi nke nguzogide NiCr nke iru mmiri kpatara bụ isi usoro ọdịda ya.
2.3 Ngwakọ agbakwunyere sekit
Omenala ngwakọ integrated sekit, dị ka mkpụrụ n'elu nke oké film ndu teepu, mkpa film ndu teepu usoro na-ekewa abụọ edemede nke oké film ngwakọ integrated sekit na mkpa film ngwakọ integrated sekit: ụfọdụ obere e biri ebi circuit (PCB) circuit, n'ihi na e biri ebi sekit bụ n'ụdị film na ewepụghị osisi elu na-etolite a conductive ụkpụrụ, nakwa nkewa dị ka ngwakọ integrated sekit.Na ntoputa nke multi-mgbawa components a elu ngwakọ integrated circuit, ya mkpụrụ pụrụ iche multi-layer wiring Ọdịdị na site-oghere usoro technology, mere ka components ghọọ ngwakọ integrated sekit na elu-njupụta interconnect Ọdịdị yiri nke mkpụrụ eji. na multi-chip components na-agụnye: mkpa film multilayer, oké film multilayer, elu-okpomọkụ co-ọkụ, ala-okpomọkụ co-ọkụ, silicon dabeere, PCB multilayer mkpụrụ, wdg.
Ngwakọ jikọtara sekit gburugburu ebe obibi nsogbu ọdịda ụdị tumadi gụnyere electric oghe sekit ọdịda mere site mkpụrụ cracking na ịgbado ọkụ ọdịda n'etiti components na oké film eduzi, components na mkpa film eduzi, mkpụrụ na ụlọ.Mmetụta mechanical sitere na ọdịda ngwaahịa, ujo okpomọkụ sitere na ọrụ ire ere, nchekasị ọzọ kpatara nke mkpụrụ osisi warpage adịghị mma, nrụgide n'akụkụ mpụta site na ndakọrịta thermal n'etiti mkpụrụ na ụlọ ọla na ihe njikọ, nrụgide n'ibu ma ọ bụ nrụgide thermal nke nrụrụ n'ime nke mkpụrụ, nwere ike imebi. kpatara site na mkpọpu mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi ịcha mpaghara micro cracks, n'ikpeazụ na-eduga ná mpụga n'ibu nchegbu ukwuu karịa pụta ụwa ike nke seramiiki mkpụrụ na N'ihi bụ ọdịda.
Ihe ndị na-ere ihe na-enwe ike ịdaba na nrụgide ịgba ígwè okpomọkụ ugboro ugboro, nke nwere ike iduga ike ọgwụgwụ okpomọkụ nke oyi akwa solder, na-ebute mbelata ike njikọ na mmụba okpomọkụ.N'ihi na tin dabeere na klas nke ductile solder, ọrụ nke okpomọkụ cyclic nchegbu na-eduga na thermal ike ọgwụgwụ nke solder oyi akwa bụ n'ihi na thermal mgbasa ọnụọgụ nke abụọ owuwu jikọtara site solder bụ ekwekọghị, bụ solder mbupụ nrụrụ ma ọ bụ shiee deformation. mgbe ugboro ugboro, na solder oyi akwa na ike ọgwụgwụ mgbape mgbasa mgbasa na ndọtị, emecha na-eduga ike ọgwụgwụ ọdịda nke solder oyi akwa.
2.4 Ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche na sekit agbakwunyere
A na-ekewa ngwaọrụ dị iche iche nke semiconductor ka ọ bụrụ diodes, transistors bipolar, ọkpọkọ mmetụta ubi MOS, thyristors na transistors gate bipolar transistors site n'ụdị sara mbara.Sekit jikọtara ọnụ nwere ngwa dịgasị iche iche ma nwee ike kewaa ụzọ atọ dịka ọrụ ha si dị, ya bụ sekit agbakwunyere dijitalụ, sekit agbakwunyere analog na sekit agbakwunyere dijitalụ-analog agwakọta.
1) Discrete ngwaọrụ
Ngwa ndị dị iche iche dị iche iche ma nwee nkọwa nke ha n'ihi ọrụ na usoro ha dị iche iche, nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na arụmọrụ ọdịda.Agbanyeghị, dị ka ngwaọrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro semiconductor mepụtara, enwere myirịta ụfọdụ na physics ọdịda ha.Ọdịda ndị bụ isi metụtara sistemụ mpụga na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ndakpọ ọkụ, oke oke mmiri ozuzo, ọdịda mgbawa mgbawa na ọdịda nke njikọ ndu.
Nkwụsị okpomọkụ: Mbelata okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ mmebi nke abụọ bụ usoro ọdịda bụ isi na-emetụta akụkụ ike nke semiconductor, na ọtụtụ mmebi mgbe a na-eji ya eme ihe metụtara ihe ndakpọ nke abụọ.A na-ekewa nbibi nke abụọ gaa n'ihu nhụsianya nke abụọ na ngbanwe ndakpọ nke abụọ.Nke mbụ na-emetụtakarị ihe na-ekpo ọkụ nke ngwaọrụ ahụ, dị ka itinye uche doping nke ngwaọrụ ahụ, ntinye uche dị n'ime ya, wdg, ebe nke ikpeazụ na-ejikọta ya na ụbara mmiri ozuzo nke ndị na-ebu ibu na mpaghara ụgwọ ohere (dị ka nso onye nchịkọta), ha abụọ. nke a na-esonyere ya mgbe niile site na ntinye nke ugbu a n'ime ngwaọrụ.N'iji ngwa nke ihe ndị dị otú ahụ, a ga-akwụ ụgwọ nlebara anya pụrụ iche maka nchebe ọkụ na ikpo ọkụ ọkụ.
Oké oke mmiri ozuzo: N'oge mmechi siri ike n'ihi ike mpụga ma ọ bụ nke dị n'ime, ihe mgbagwoju anya ionization na-achịkwa ugbu a nke na-eme n'ime ngwaọrụ nke ntinye uche nke ụgbọelu efu na-akpata nnukwu oke mmiri, nke nwere ike ime na ngwaọrụ bipolar, diodes na IGBT.
Ọdịda mgbawa mgbawa: Isi ihe kpatara ya bụ na mgbawa na ihe na-ere ahịa bụ ihe dị iche iche nwere ọnụọgụ dị iche iche nke mgbasawanye thermal, yabụ enwere ndakọrịta thermal na oke okpomọkụ.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọnụnọ nke oghere ndị na-ere ahịa na-eme ka nkwụsị ọkụ nke ngwaọrụ ahụ dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ọkụ ma na-emepụta ebe ọkụ na mpaghara mpaghara, na-ebuli okpomọkụ nkwụsịtụ na-eme ka ọdịda okpomọkụ dị ka electromigration na-eme.
N'ime ụzọ bonding ọdịda: tumadi corrosion ọdịda na bonding ebe, triggered site corrosion nke aluminom mere site edinam nke mmiri vepo, chlorine ọcha, wdg na a na-ekpo ọkụ na iru mmiri nnu ịgba gburugburu.Agbajie ike ọgwụgwụ nke aluminom bonding edu nke okpomọkụ okirikiri ma ọ bụ ịma jijiji kpatara.IGBT na ngwugwu modul buru ibu, ma ọ bụrụ na etinyere ya n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, ọ dị nnọọ mfe ime ka nrụgide nrụgide na-akpata, na-akpata ike ọgwụgwụ nke n'ime ime modul.
2) sekit jikọtara ọnụ
The ọdịda usoro nke integrated sekit na ojiji nke gburugburu ebe obibi nwere nnukwu mmekọrịta, mmiri na a iru mmiri gburugburu ebe obibi, mmebi eme site static ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ eletriki surges, oke ojiji nke ederede na ojiji nke integrated sekit na gburugburu radieshon na-enweghị radieshon. nkwado nguzogide nwekwara ike ibute ọdịda nke ngwaọrụ.
Mmetụta interface metụtara aluminom: Na ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị nwere ihe ndị sitere na silicon, a na-ejikarị SiO2 oyi akwa dị ka ihe nkiri dielectric, a na-ejikarị aluminum eme ihe maka ahịrị njikọ, SiO2 na aluminom na oke okpomọkụ ga-abụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, nke mere na oyi akwa aluminom na-adị gịrịgịrị, ma ọ bụrụ na oyi akwa SiO2 agwụla n'ihi oriri mmeghachi omume, ga-eme ka kọntaktị kpọmkwem n'etiti aluminom na silicon.Na mgbakwunye, eriri eriri ọla edo na eriri njikọ njikọta aluminom ma ọ bụ aluminom bonding waya na njikọ nke eriri ọla edo edo edo nke shei tube, ga-emepụta kọntaktị Au-Al.N'ihi na dị iche iche chemical nwere nke abụọ ndị a ọla, mgbe ogologo oge ojiji ma ọ bụ nchekwa na elu okpomọkụ n'elu 200 ℃ ga-emepụta a dịgasị iche iche nke intermetallic ogige, na n'ihi na ha lattice constants na thermal mgbasa ọnụọgụ dị iche iche, na bonding ebe n'ime. nnukwu nrụgide, conductivity na-aghọ obere.
Metallization corrosion: Aluminom njikọ eriri na mgbawa na-enwe ike imebi site na mmiri vapo na gburugburu na-ekpo ọkụ na iru mmiri.N'ihi nkwụghachi ọnụahịa na mmepụta ihe dị mfe, ọtụtụ sekit jikọtara ya na resin, Otú ọ dị, uzuoku mmiri nwere ike ịgafe resin iji ruo njikọ njikọ aluminom, na adịghị ọcha na-esi n'èzí pụta ma ọ bụ gbazee na resin eme ihe na aluminum dara. corrosion nke aluminom interconnects.
Mmetụta delamination nke ikuku mmiri kpatara: plastic IC bụ sekit jikọtara ọnụ nke ejiri plastik na ihe ndị ọzọ resin polymer kpuchie, na mgbakwunye na mmetụta delamination n'etiti ihe plastik na etiti metal na mgbawa (nke a na-akpọkarị mmetụta "popcorn"). n'ihi na ihe resin nwere njirimara nke adsorption nke ikuku mmiri, mmetụta delamination kpatara site na mgbasa ozi nke ikuku mmiri ga-emekwa ka ngwaọrụ ahụ daa..Usoro ọdịda bụ ịgbasa ngwa ngwa nke mmiri n'ime ihe mkpuchi plastik na oke okpomọkụ, nke mere na nkewa n'etiti plastik na ntinye nke ihe ndị ọzọ, na n'ọnọdụ dị njọ, ihe mkpuchi plastik ga-agbawa.
2.5 Capacitive resistive components
1) Ndị na-emegide
Enwere ike kewaa ndị na-emegide ndị na-anaghị efe efe n'ime ụdị anọ dịka ihe dị iche iche a na-eji na ahụ resistor, ya bụ ụdị alloy, ụdị ihe nkiri, ụdị ihe nkiri siri ike na ụdị sịntetik.Maka ndị na-emegide ndị na-emegide ya, ụdị ọdịda bụ isi bụ sekit mepere emepe, igwe eletriki parameter, wdg;mgbe maka potentiometers, isi ọdịda ụdịdị na-emeghe sekit, eletriki parameter ịkpafu, mkpọtụ mmụba, wdg The ojiji gburugburu ebe obibi ga-eduga resistor ịka nká, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ndụ nke ngwá electronic.
Oxidation: Oxidation nke resistor ahụ ga-abawanye uru nguzogide na bụ ihe kacha mkpa na-eme ka resistor ịka nká.Ewezuga ozu resistor nke ejiri ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa na alloys mee, ihe ndị ọzọ niile ga-emebi site na ikuku oxygen.Oxidation bụ mmetụta dị ogologo oge, na mgbe mmetụta nke ihe ndị ọzọ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata, oxidation ga-abụ isi ihe na-akpata, na okpomọkụ dị elu na oke iru mmiri ga-eme ka oxidation nke resistors dịkwuo elu.Maka ndị na-eguzogide nkenke na ndị na-eguzogide uru dị elu, ihe bụ isi iji gbochie oxidation bụ mkpuchi mkpuchi.Akara ihe kwesịrị ịbụ inorganic ihe, dị ka metal, seramiiki, iko, wdg The organic nchebe oyi akwa enweghị ike kpamkpam gbochie mmiri permeability na ikuku permeability, na nwere ike na-egwu a na-egbu oge ọrụ oxidation na adsorption.
Ịka nká nke ihe nkedo: Maka ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ synthetic organic, ịka nká nke ihe nkedo organic bụ isi ihe na-emetụta nkwụsi ike nke resistor.Ihe nkedo nke organic na-abụkarị resin sịntetik, nke a na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ polymer nke ọma na-ekpo ọkụ site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ n'oge usoro mmepụta nke resistor.Isi ihe na-akpata ịka nká polymer bụ oxidation.The free radicals nke oxidation na-akpata na-eme ka njikọ nke polymer molecular bond, nke na-agwọkwu polymer ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-akụda, na-akpata nkwụsị nke ngbanwe na mmebi ígwè.Ngwọta nke ihe nkedo na-eme ka onye na-emegide ya ghara ịdaba na olu, na-eme ka nrụgide kọntaktị dị n'etiti ihe ndị na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-ebelata, na-eme ka mbelata na-eguzogide, ma n'ibu mmebi nke ihe nkedo na-abawanye na-eguzogide.Na-emekarị na-agwọ ọrịa nke ihe nkedo etịbe tupu, n'ibu mmebi emee mgbe, otú iguzogide uru nke organic sịntetik resistors na-egosi ndị na-esonụ ụkpụrụ: ụfọdụ ọdịda na mmalite nke ogbo, mgbe ahụ na-atụgharị na-abawanye, na e nwere a na-emekarị nke na-amụba.Ebe ọ bụ na ịka nká nke polymers nwere njikọ chiri anya na okpomọkụ na ọkụ, ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ synthetic ga-eme ka ịka nká dịkwuo elu n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu na ikpughe ọkụ siri ike.
Ịka nká n'okpuru ibu eletrik: Itinye ibu na resistor ga-eme ka usoro ịka nká ya dịkwuo elu.N'okpuru ibu DC, ọrụ electrolytic nwere ike imebi ihe mgbochi ihe nkiri dị mkpa.Electrolysis emee n'etiti ohere mpere nke a slotted resistor, ma ọ bụrụ na resistor mkpụrụ bụ a seramiiki ma ọ bụ iko ihe nwere alkali metal ion, na ion na-akpali n'okpuru edinam nke electric ubi n'etiti ohere mpere.N'ebe dị iru mmiri, usoro a na-aga n'ihu karịa ike.
2) Capacitors
Ụdị ọdịda nke capacitors bụ obere sekit, sekit mepere emepe, mmebi nke parampat eletriki (gụnyere mgbanwe nke ikike, mmụba nke tangent angular na mbelata nguzogide mkpuchi), ntapu mmiri na mmebi corrosion.
Obere sekit: Arc na-efe efe na nsọtụ n'etiti okporo osisi na oke okpomọkụ na ikuku ikuku dị ala ga-eduga na obere sekit nke capacitors, na mgbakwunye, nrụgide n'ibu dị ka ujo mpụga ga-emekwa ka obere oge dị mkpirikpi nke dielectric.
Mepee sekit: Oxidation nke wires ndu na kọntaktị electrode kpatara site na iru mmiri na gburugburu ebe dị ọkụ, na-ebute enweghị ike ịnweta ọkwa dị ala na mmebi mmebi nke foil lead anode.
Mmebi nke parampat eletriki: Mmebi nke parampat eletrik n'ihi mmetụta nke gburugburu iru mmiri.
2.6 sekit ọkwa bọọdụ
Ebipụtara sekit osisi bụ tumadi esịnede insulating mkpụrụ, metal wiring na njikọ dị iche iche n'ígwé nke wires, solder mmiri "pads".Ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ ịnye onye na-ebu maka ngwa elektrọnik, yana ịrụ ọrụ nke njikọ eletrik na igwe.
Ụdị ọdịda nke bọọdụ sekit a na-ebipụta na-agụnyekarị ire ere na-adịghị mma, sekit mepere emepe na mkpụmkpụ, ọnya ọnya, mgbawa osisi delamination, corrosion elu osisi ma ọ bụ discoloration, bọọdụ na-ehulata.
Oge nzipu: Nov-21-2022